人员流动是否会抑制专业化? 来自秘鲁技能调查的证据
Does Turnover Inhibit Specialization? Evidence from a Skill Survey in Peru
AER: Insights · 2025 · [{"name": "Andrea Atencio-De-Leon", "affiliation": ["International Monetary Fund"]}, {"name": "Munseob Lee", "affiliation": ["University of California San Diego"]}, {"name": "Claudia Macaluso", "affiliation": ["Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond"]}]
中文摘要
我们设计、试点并在秘鲁实地开展了一项关于工作技能的新调查，以考察贫穷国家与富裕国家之间的人力资本差异。秘鲁工作的技能画像明显比美国工作更为统一。另一方面，匹配摩擦并不比美国更严重，招聘技术也大体相当。我们提出了一个 O-ring 传统下的程式化模型，其中当劳动力可得性存在不确定性时，对非专业化工人的劳动需求偏好可能内生地产生。(JEL J22, J23, J24, J41, J46, O15)
Abstract
We design, pilot, and field a new survey of job skills in Peru to investigate human capital differences between poor and rich countries. Peruvian jobs have markedly more uniform skill profiles than jobs in the United States. On the other hand, matching frictions are no more severe than in the United States, and recruiting technology is largely equivalent as well. We propose a stylized model in the O-ring tradition, in which a labor demand preference for unspecialized workers can endogenously arise when there is uncertainty about labor availability. (JEL J22, J23, J24, J41, J46, O15)