结构性改革与经济绩效: 发达经济体的经验
Structural Reforms and Economic Performance: The Experience of Advanced Economies
Journal of Economic Literature · 2025 · [{"name": "Nauro F. Campos", "affiliation": ["University College London"]}, {"name": "Paul De Grauwe", "affiliation": ["London School of Economics and Political Science"]}, {"name": "Yuemei Ji", "affiliation": ["University College London"]}]
中文摘要
本文对发达经济体结构性改革的理论与实证文献进行了全面评估。结构性改革之所以重要，是因为它们涉及深刻而系统的变化，会影响经济福利、生产率、增长、失业、宏观经济稳定和收入不平等。本文聚焦于产品市场、劳动力市场和金融市场的结构性改革。在提出一组典型事实之后，我们梳理了关于这三类关键结构性改革各自的文献，随后评估其经济周期和政治经济学含义。我们指出了文献中的若干空白，并阐明了未来的研究议程，重点包括四个主要领域：测度、改革之间的相互作用、政治经济学考量，以及改革实施的时机。（JEL D40, E23, E24, E25, E32, E44, P11）
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the theoretical and empirical literature on structural reforms in advanced economies. Structural reforms matter because they entail profound and systematic changes that affect economic welfare, productivity, growth, unemployment, macroeconomic stability, and income inequality. Here we focus on structural reforms in product, labor, and financial markets. After putting forward a set of stylized facts, we take stock of the literature on each of these three key structural reforms, and then assess their business cycle and political economy implications. We underscore various gaps in the literature and articulate a future research agenda that highlights four main areas: measurement, interactions among reforms, political economy considerations, and the timing of the implementation of reforms. (JEL D40, E23, E24, E25, E32, E44, P11)