被“肢解”？勒索软件攻击对医院和患者的影响
Hacked to Pieces? The Effects of Ransomware Attacks on Hospitals and Patients
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2026 · [{"name": "Hannah T. Neprash", "affiliation": ["University of Minnesota"]}, {"name": "Claire McGlave", "affiliation": ["University of Minnesota"]}, {"name": "Sayeh Nikpay", "affiliation": ["University of Minnesota"]}]
中文摘要
随着网络犯罪分子越来越多地将医疗保健领域作为攻击目标，医院正面临日益严重的勒索软件攻击威胁。勒索软件是一种恶意软件，它会阻止用户访问电子系统，并索要赎金以恢复访问权限。我们构建了一个医院勒索软件攻击数据库，并将其与 Medicare（美国联邦医疗保险）理赔数据相链接。我们量化了勒索软件攻击对医院运营和患者结局的影响。在最初的攻击周内，勒索软件攻击使医院接诊量下降 17% 至 24%，并在 3 周内恢复。在勒索软件攻击开始时已入院的患者中，院内死亡率上升 34% 至 38%。（JEL D83, I12, I13, K42）
Abstract
As cybercriminals increasingly target health care, hospitals face the growing threat of ransomware attacks. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that prevents users from accessing electronic systems and demands a ransom to restore access. We create and link a database of hospital ransomware attacks to Medicare claims data. We quantify the effects of ransomware attacks on hospital operations and patient outcomes. Ransomware attacks decrease hospital volume by 17–24 percent during the initial attack week, with recovery occurring within 3 weeks. Among patients already admitted to the hospital when a ransomware attack begins, in-hospital mortality increases by 34–38 percent. (JEL D83, I12, I13, K42)