Annual Review of Economics · 2021 · [{"name": "David McAdams", "affiliation": ["Duke University"]}]
中文摘要
传染病、观念、新产品及其他传染因子通过社会接触以流行病的方式传播。新冠疫情(COVID-19)、假新闻的泛滥以及抗微生物药物耐药性的上升，将经济流行病学推到了公共政策辩论的前沿，并重振了这一领域。为便于具体讨论，本综述聚焦于致病病原体，提供了一套经济-流行病模型的分类体系，兼顾疾病的生物学/免疫学特征与社会情境的经济学分析。所谓经济流行病，是指其在主体群体中的扩散由主体的内生行为所驱动的流行病。本文强调了均衡流行病轨迹的性质，并讨论公共卫生当局如何通过以下方式改善这一博弈格局：(a) 对主体活动施加限制，以减少病毒暴发期间造成的危害；(b) 支持基于诊断信息的干预措施，以减缓甚至逆转抗生素耐药性的上升。
Abstract
Infectious diseases, ideas, new products, and other infectants spread in epidemic fashion through social contact. The COVID-19 pandemic, the proliferation of fake news, and the rise of antimicrobial resistance have thrust economic epidemiology into the forefront of public policy debate and reinvigorated the field. Focusing for concreteness on disease-causing pathogens, this review provides a taxonomy of economic-epidemic models, emphasizing both the biology/immunology of the disease and the economics of the social context. An economic epidemic is one whose diffusion through the agent population is generated by agents’ endogenous behavior. I highlight properties of the equilibrium epidemic trajectory and discuss ways in which public health authorities can change the game for the better by ( a) imposing restrictions on agent activity to reduce the harm done during a viral outbreak and ( b) enabling diagnostic-informed interventions to slow or even reverse the rise of antibiotic resistance.