NBER Working Papers · 2026 · Daniel S. Hamermesh
中文摘要
本文使用2009—2024年美国时间使用调查（American Time Use Survey）中25—61岁人群的日记数据，表明时间多样性——即一天内从事更多不同种类的活动——是一种收入优等品。将这些数据与作为其抽样基础的当前人口调查（Current Population Survey）相链接后，倾向得分模型显示：在连续两次年度调查中均报告自己存在行动能力/身体残疾的人，每天从事的活动数量比其他人口统计特征相同的个体少近4%，收入也低约50%。将收入对时间多样性的估计影响，与残疾人群所遭受的多样性隐含减少相结合可知，其损失的时间多样性所对应的货币等价，超过了其收入损失的货币等价。若仅测量一次残疾状态，得到的时间多样性与收入短缺估计值都会小得多。这表明，构成大多数残疾对收入影响研究之基础的一次性自我报告残疾数据，同样低估了残疾的长期影响。
Abstract
Using diaries covering 25-61-year-olds in the American Time Use Survey 2009-24, this study demonstrates that temporal variety—doing more different things in a day—is income superior. Linking these data to underlying Current Population Surveys, propensity-score models show that people stating that they have a mobility/physical disability in each of two consecutive annual surveys undertake almost 4 percent fewer activities per day than other, demographically identical individuals. They also earn about 50 percent less. Combining the estimated impact of income on temporal variety with the implied reductions in variety incurred by those with the disability yields a monetary equivalent of lost variety exceeding that of lost earnings. Measuring disability status only once yields much smaller estimated shortfalls in temporal variety and earnings. That suggests that one-time self-reports of disabilities, which underlie the bulk of studies on the impacts of disabilities on earnings, also underestimate long-term effects.