中文摘要
As an integral part of the intellectual property assessment and evaluation system, the evaluation of patents' economic value has become an important component of China's strategy to build intellectual property strength. Drawing on institutional differences between invention patents and utility model patents in China, this paper improves existing methods for measuring the economic value of patents and proposes a measurement approach suited to the Chinese context. By estimating the actual change in a firm's market value before and after each patent grant, this approach constructs a monetary indicator of patent economic value, addressing the measurement challenges arising from the unobservability of patents' economic value and the difficulty of simultaneously accounting for macro- and micro-level dimensions. Based on the estimates, this paper finds that the economic value of Chinese patents exhibits a phased temporal pattern characterized by an initial increase followed by "high-level fluctuations," a regional agglomeration effect in the spatial dimension, and a "Matthew effect" whereby "the strong grow stronger" across firms and industries. Furthermore, this paper identifies high-value patents from economic, legal, and technological perspectives and examines their economic value and distributional characteristics, thereby supplementing the criteria used to define high-value patents. Finally, the validity of the indicator is verified using the local projection method. The indicator is found to have significant predictive power for firm performance, competitors' performance, intra-industry resource reallocation, and macroeconomic growth, enabling the identification of both the macro- and microeconomic contributions of technological innovation and its "creative destruction" effect.
Abstract
作为知识产权考核评价机制的组成部分，专利经济价值评估已成为知识产权强国战略中的重要内容。本文基于中国发明专利与实用新型专利的制度差异，对现有专利经济价值测度方法进行改进，提出一种适用于中国情境的测度方法。该方法通过测算每件专利授权前后企业市值的实际变化量，构建了以货币为计量单位的专利经济价值指标，解决了专利经济价值不可观测且宏微观难以兼顾的测算难题。基于测算结果，本文发现，我国专利经济价值在时间维度上呈现先上升后“高位波动”的阶段性变化特征；在空间维度上呈现区域集聚效应；在企业和行业维度上呈现“强者愈强”的“马太效应”。进一步地，本文从经济、法律、技术视角筛选高价值专利，考察其经济价值及分布特征，为高价值专利界定标准提供了补充。最后，本文使用局部投影法验证了该指标的有效性，发现该指标对企业绩效、竞争对手绩效、行业内资源再分配和宏观经济增长均有显著的预测能力，能够识别技术创新的宏微观经济贡献，以及技术创新的“创造性破坏”效应。