中文摘要
我们分析了近 7000 万篇科学论文，以估计科学商业化中的性别动态。我们发现存在 14% 的性别差距，而这一差距似乎既无法由科学质量解释，也无法由其商业潜力解释。在末位作者为女性（即实验室负责人或首席研究员）的论文中，即便发表的是高质量科学成果，该差距也最大。然而，当作者通过新创企业自行将其发现商业化时，这一差距消失；而当与规模较小或拥有更多女性发明人的企业合作进行商业化时，该差距缩小。（JEL D22, I23, J16, O31, O34）
Abstract
We analyze nearly 70 million scientific articles to estimate the gender dynamics in the commercialization of science. We report a gender gap of 14 percent, which does not appear to be explained either by the quality of the science or by its commercial potential. The gap is widest among papers with female last authors (i.e., lab head or principal investigator), even when publishing high-quality science. However, the gap vanishes when authors self-commercialize discoveries via new ventures, and the gap is reduced when commercializing in cooperation with firms that are smaller or that have more female inventors. (JEL D22, I23, J16, O31, O34)