家庭中的病菌: 户内疾病传播的短期和长期后果
Germs in the Family: The Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Intra-Household Disease Spread
American Economic Review · 2021 · [{"name": "N. Meltem Daysal", "affiliation": ["University of Copenhagen", "National Bureau of Economic Research", "VATT Institute for Economic Research", "Barcelona School of Economics", "Stanford University"]}, {"name": "Hui Ding", "affiliation": ["University of Copenhagen", "National Bureau of Economic Research", "VATT Institute for Economic Research", "Barcelona School of Economics", "Stanford University"]}, {"name": "Maya Rossin‐Slater", "affiliation": ["University of Copenhagen", "National Bureau of Economic Research", "VATT Institute for Economic Research", "Barcelona School of Economics", "Stanford University"]}, {"name": "Hannes Schwandt", "affiliation": ["University of Copenhagen", "National Bureau of Economic Research", "VATT Institute for Economic Research", "Barcelona School of Economics", "Stanford University"]}]
中文摘要
学龄前儿童经常生病, 并将疾病传染给其他家庭成员。尽管这一经历十分普遍, 但关于这些外部性的规模与后果——尤其是对免疫系统和大脑仍在发育中的婴儿期弟妹的影响——因果证据依然有限。我们利用丹麦行政数据表明, 在婴儿期, 年幼弟妹因呼吸系统疾病住院的比率是年长兄姐的两到三倍。我们结合出生顺序与市镇内部幼儿呼吸系统疾病患病率的变异, 发现生命早期呼吸系统疾病暴露对年幼弟妹的收入、受教育程度、慢性呼吸系统健康及心理健康相关结果具有持久的差异化影响。（JEL D13, D62, I12, J12, J13, J24, J31）
Abstract
Preschool-aged children get sick frequently and spread disease to other family members. Despite the universality of this experience, there is limited causal evidence on the magnitudes and consequences of these externalities, especially for infant siblings with developing immune systems and brains. We show in Danish administrative data that during infancy, younger siblings have two to three times higher hospitalization rates for respiratory conditions than older siblings. We combine birth order and within-municipality variation in respiratory disease prevalence among young children, finding lasting differential impacts of early-life respiratory disease exposure on younger siblings' earnings, educational attainment, chronic respiratory health, and mental health-related outcomes. (JEL D13, D62, I12, J12, J13, J24, J31)