Internal Versus Institutional Barriers to Gender Equality: Evidence from British Politics
American Economic Review · 2024 · N. S. Arun Kumar、U.S. Senator Mike Lee、Matt Lowe、Olaitan Ogunnote
中文摘要
每周抽签决定哪些政治家可以在一个男性主导、嘈杂的议事厅内向英国首相提问。抽签中签者在下一次选举中的得票率优势提高4个百分点，但女性提交问题的可能性比同届男性低12个百分点。这一性别差距并未因抽签带来的提问经验而缩小，但在提问形式改变后缩小了，即改为向规模更小、更安静的听众提问。这一转变尤其吸引了声音较轻柔的女性。我们的研究结果支持以制度变革而非经验积累来应对英国议会等对抗性环境中的性别差距。(JEL D44, D72, J16)
Abstract
Weekly lotteries determine which politicians ask the UK prime minister a question in front of a male-dominated, noisy chamber. Lottery winners receive 4 percent higher vote margin in the next election, but women are 12 percent less likely to submit questions than same-cohort men. The gender gap does not close with lottery-induced experience asking a question, but it closes after a format change, with questions asked to a smaller, quieter audience. The switch differentially draws in women with quieter voices. Our findings support institutional change, rather than experience, as a response to gender gaps in adversarial settings like the UK Parliament. (JEL D44, D72, J16)