为污染而搬迁: 来自中国土地市场的城市内证据
Moving to Opportunity for Polluting: Intra-City Evidence from China’s Land Market
Journal of Development Economics · 2023 · [{"name": "Shiyu Bo", "affiliation": ["Institute for Social and Economic Research"]}, {"name": "Fan Zhang", "affiliation": ["University of International Business and Economics"]}, {"name": "Hongjia Zhu", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
本文提供了关于污染源在城市内部迁移的新证据。我们聚焦于工业用地，该用地可能对污染分布产生长期影响。研究设计利用了中国首个综合性空气污染防治计划，该计划在城市内部造成了迁移污染源激励的差异。使用三重差分模型，我们发现，监管实施后，受到更严格监管的城市中，污染企业租赁土地的位置距离监测站更远。机制分析表明，这一转变部分源于需求侧，但主要由土地供给决策驱动：地方政府在城市中更偏远的区域提供新的污染地块。我们表明，空气质量改善带来的福利收益，部分被偏远区位导致的生产损失所抵消。
Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on the within-city relocations of polluting sources. We focus on industrial land use, which can create long-lasting effects on pollution distribution. The research design exploits the first comprehensive air-pollution prevention plan in China creating within-city variations on incentives to relocate polluting sources. Using a triple-difference model, we find that after the regulation, the locations of land leased by polluting firms in the cities receiving more stringent regulation are farther away from monitoring stations. Mechanism analysis shows this shift is partly due to the demand side, but primarily driven by land supply decisions: local governments provide new polluting land parcels in more distant areas of the city. We show that the welfare gains from improved air quality are partly offset by losses in production due to remote locations.