结合兼职工作与社会福利: 来自芬兰的实证证据
Combining Part-Time Work and Social Benefits: Empirical Evidence from Finland
Journal of Public Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "S R Kalin", "affiliation": ["University of Helsinki"]}, {"name": "Tomi Kyyrä", "affiliation": ["IZA - Institute of Labor Economics", "VATT Institute for Economic Research"]}, {"name": "Tuomas Matikka", "affiliation": ["Ifo Institute for Economic Research", "VATT Institute for Economic Research"]}]
中文摘要
我们使用芬兰的全人口数据，提供了收入豁免政策对失业期间兼职工作影响的证据。在失业救济金和住房津贴中实施收入豁免（允许个人每月最多赚取300欧元而不减少其福利）后的几年里，福利领取者中兼职工作者的比例从约10%急剧上升至近18%。利用改革对符合不同类型福利资格的个人在激励上产生的影响存在的差异，我们估计，收入豁免的实施使失业期间从事兼职工作的个人比例提高了4.1–4.5个百分点（23%–32%），对应的兼职工作参与对参与税率的弹性约为1。我们没有发现收入豁免挤出全职就业的证据，反而发现了适度的正向长期就业效应。
Abstract
We use population-wide data from Finland to provide evidence on the impact of earnings disregard policies on part-time work during unemployment spells. The share of part-time workers among benefit recipients increased sharply from about 10% to nearly 18% over a few years after the implementation of earnings disregards in unemployment benefits and housing allowances, which allowed individuals to earn up to 300 euros per month without reductions in their benefits. Using variation in the impact of the reforms on incentives between individuals eligible for different types of benefits, we estimate that the share of individuals working part-time during unemployment increased by 4.1–4.5 percentage points (23–32%) due to the implementation of earnings disregards, corresponding to a part-time work participation elasticity with respect to the participation tax rate of approximately 1. We find no evidence that earnings disregards crowd out full-time employment, but instead find moderate positive longer-run employment effects.