需求存在差异时的公平与效率

Journal of Public Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "K. Berg", "affiliation": ["University of Oxford"]}, {"name": "Morten Håvarstein", "affiliation": ["University of Oslo", "University of Chicago"]}, {"name": "Paolo G. Piacquadio", "affiliation": ["University of Oslo", "University of St.Gallen"]}]

中文摘要

当家庭具有不同需求时，如何衡量社会福利与不平等尚无共识。正如我们所表明的，在让家庭对自身需求负责与对其进行补偿之间存在一种两难。这一两难对社会福利具有一阶重要性，但在不平等测度中通常仅起次要作用。为解决这一僵局，我们引入部分补偿。我们的公理化刻画揭示了新颖的福利准则族，并通过扩展到多维商品空间，为再分配政策分析提供了可直接使用的准则。

Abstract

There is no consensus on how to measure social welfare and inequality when households have different needs. As we show, a dilemma emerges between holding households responsible for their needs or compensating them. This dilemma is of first-order importance for social welfare, but generally plays a minor role in the measurement of inequality. To address this impasse, we introduce partial compensation. Our axiomatic characterizations reveal novel families of welfare criteria and, with the extension to multidimensional commodity spaces, provide ready-to-use criteria for the analysis of redistributive policies.