为发展中国家授予挽救生命的药物许可:来自药品专利池的证据
Licensing Life-Saving Drugs for Developing Countries: Evidence from the Medicines Patent Pool
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2022 · [{"name": "Alberto Galasso", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research", "University of Toronto"]}, {"name": "Mark Schankerman", "affiliation": ["London School of Economics and Political Science"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 我们研究药品专利池（Medicines Patent Pool, MPP）——一个跨地理市场汇集专利的机构——对中低收入国家救命药品许可与采用的影响。我们发现，当一项专利被纳入 MPP 后，许可会立即出现大幅增加。我们还提供证据表明，该专利池提高了实际进入和销售量，但这些影响远小于其对许可的影响，这是由许可的地理捆绑所致。本文强调了专利池在促进生物医学创新向发展中国家扩散方面的潜力。
Abstract
Abstract We study the effects of the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP)—an institution that pools patents across geographical markets—on the licensing and adoption of life-saving drugs in low- and middle-income countries. We show the presence of an immediate and large increase in licensing when a patent is included in the MPP. We also show evidence that the pool increases actual entry and volume of sales, but these impacts are much smaller than on licensing, which is due to the geographic bundling of licenses. The paper highlights the potential of pools in promoting diffusion of biomedical innovation in developing countries.