Review of Economic Studies · 2021 · Sonia Bhalotra、Diogo G. C. Britto、Paolo Pinotti、Breno Sampaio
中文摘要
我们估计了巴西男性失业、女性失业以及男性领取失业救济对家庭暴力（DV）的影响。我们将个人层面的就业和福利登记数据与不同的家庭暴力衡量指标相匹配：提交刑事法院审理的司法案件、受害者使用公共庇护所的情况，以及医疗服务提供者依法强制报告的家庭暴力通报。利用大规模裁员进行识别，我们首先表明，男性和女性失业各自独立地都会导致家庭暴力大幅且普遍地增加。随后，运用断点回归设计，我们发现，在失业救济发放期间，获得失业救济并不会减少家庭暴力，而在救济到期后会导致家庭暴力风险上升。我们的发现可以由失业造成的负向收入冲击，以及受害者暴露于施暴者的风险增加来解释，因为伴侣在工作岗位流失后往往会共处更长时间。尽管失业救济部分抵消了失业后的收入下降，但由于其延长了失业持续时间，也强化了这种暴露冲击。鉴于现有的主流家庭暴力理论无法解释我们的结果，我们提出了一个将这些机制形式化的简单模型。
Abstract
We estimate impacts of male job loss, female job loss, and male unemployment benefits on domestic violence (DV) in Brazil. We merge individual-level employment and welfare registers with different measures of DV: judicial cases brought to criminal courts, the use of public shelters by victims, and mandatory DV notifications by health providers. Leveraging mass layoffs for identification, we first show that both male and female job loss, independently, lead to large, and pervasive increases in DV. Using a regression discontinuity design, we then show that access to unemployment benefits does not reduce DV while benefits are being paid, and it leads to higher DV risk once benefits expire. Our findings can be explained by the negative income shock brought by job loss and by increased exposure of victims to perpetrators, as partners tend to spend more time together after displacement. Although unemployment benefits partially offset the income drop following job loss, they reinforce the exposure shock as they increase unemployment duration. Since our results cannot be explained by prominent DV theories, we propose a simple model formalizing these mechanisms.