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求职申请与劳动市场流动

Job Applications and Labour Market Flows
Review of Economic Studies · 2024 · Serdar Birinci、Kurt See、Shu Lin Wee

中文摘要

求职申请数量随时间推移不断上升,但找到工作的比率保持不变。与此同时,离职率有所下降。我们认为,申请数量增加提高的是形成良好匹配的概率,而非找到工作的概率。利用一个包含多重申请和信息获取成本的搜寻模型,我们表明,当申请数量增加时,企业会投资于识别良好匹配,从而降低离职率。同时,拥挤程度上升以及对接受哪一份工作邀约的选择性增强,抑制了找到工作比率的上升。我们的框架对工作邀约、接受、保留工资、每个职位空缺的申请人数以及任职期限的变化提出了可检验的含义,这些要素使其能够生成失业流量的变化趋势。

Abstract

Abstract Job applications have risen over time, yet job-finding rates remain unchanged. Meanwhile, separations have declined. We argue that increased applications raise the probability of a good match rather than the probability of job-finding. Using a search model with multiple applications and costly information, we show that when applications increase, firms invest in identifying good matches, reducing separations. Concurrently, increased congestion and selectivity over which offer to accept temper increases in job-finding rates. Our framework contains testable implications for changes in offers, acceptances, reservation wages, applicants per vacancy, and tenure, objects that enable it to generate the trends in unemployment flows.
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