贸易自由化与美国高等教育中的中国学生
Trade Liberalization and Chinese Students in U.S. Higher Education
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2023 · [{"name": "Gaurav Khanna", "affiliation": ["University of California San Diego"]}, {"name": "Kevin Shih", "affiliation": ["Queens College, CUNY"]}, {"name": "Ariel Weinberger", "affiliation": ["George Washington University"]}, {"name": "Mingzhi Xu", "affiliation": ["Peking University"]}, {"name": "Miaojie Yu", "affiliation": ["Liaoning University"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 我们强调中国融入世界经济的一个鲜为人知的后果：服务贸易的兴起。我们展示了美国货物贸易逆差如何循环转化为美国教育服务出口顺差。聚焦于中国加入世界贸易组织，我们表明，受贸易自由化影响更大的中国城市向美国大学输送了更多学生。住房收入和财富的增长使中国家庭能够负担美国学费，且更多学生使用个人资金资助学业。我们的估计表明，近期贸易战可能使美国大学每年损失约 11 亿美元的学费收入。
Abstract
Abstract We highlight a lesser-known consequence of China’s integration into the world economy: the rise of services trade. We demonstrate how the United States’ trade deficit in goods cycles back as a surplus in U.S. exports of education services. Focusing on China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, we show that Chinese cities more exposed to trade liberalization sent more students to U.S. universities. Growth in housing income and wealth allowed Chinese families to afford U.S. tuition, and more students financed their studies using personal funds. Our estimates suggest that recent trade wars could cost U.S. universities around $1.1 billion in annual tuition revenue.