儿童技能生产：核算父母与基于市场的时间和商品投入
Child Skill Production: Accounting for Parental and Market-Based Time and Goods Investments
Journal of Political Economy · 2025 · [{"name": "Elizabeth M. Caucutt", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Lance Lochner", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Joseph Mullins", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Youngmin Park", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
家庭在子女身上投入时间、家庭商品/服务以及市场化儿童照护。我们研究这些投资，重点关注父母人力资本的作用以及技能生产中投入要素的可替代性。我们提出一种相对需求估计策略，利用期内最优性来估计投入要素的可替代性和相对生产率。我们展示了相对需求约束如何简化并改进技能生产动态的估计。我们估计了5至12岁美国儿童的技能生产技术，发现投入要素之间存在中等偏强的互补性，且该技术因父母受教育程度不同而差异很小。反事实模拟表明，估计得到的投入互补性对补贴投入或提供免费儿童照护的政策具有重要意义。
Abstract
Families invest time, home goods/services, and market-based childcare in their children. We study these investments, focusing on the role of parental human capital and the substitutability of inputs in skill production. We develop a relative demand estimation strategy that uses intratemporal optimality to estimate the substitutability and relative productivity of inputs. We show how relative demand restrictions simplify and improve estimation of the dynamics of skill production. We estimate the skill production technology for American children aged 5–12, finding moderately strong complementarity between inputs and little difference in the technology by parental education. Counterfactual simulations show that estimated input complementarity has important implications for policies that subsidize inputs or provide free childcare.
📖 精读解析
本文已有三模型交叉精读卡片, 登录后可在站内查看结构化解读与关键图表。