从学校到监狱的管道：学校停学对成年犯罪的长期影响
The School-to-Prison Pipeline: Long-Run Impacts of School Suspensions on Adult Crime
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2024 · [{"name": "Andrew Bacher-Hicks", "affiliation": ["Boston University"]}, {"name": "Stephen B. Billings", "affiliation": ["University of Colorado System"]}, {"name": "David Deming", "affiliation": ["Harvard University"]}]
中文摘要
学校必须在学生行为管理与严格纪律可能带来的负面影响之间取得平衡。这些政策可以威慑不当行为，但也可能使学生蒙受污名，并让他们过早接触刑事司法系统。我们评估了就读严格纪律学校对学业成绩、受教育程度和成年后犯罪活动的影响。利用学区边界变更和校长更替的数据，我们发现，较高的停学率具有显著的负向长期影响。此类学校的学生成年后被逮捕和监禁的可能性高出15%–20%。对受教育程度的负面影响在男性和有色人种学生中尤为显著。（JEL H75, I21, I28, J15, K42）
Abstract
Schools must balance student behavior management with the potential negatives of strict discipline. These policies can deter misbehavior but may stigmatize students and expose them to the criminal justice system early. We assess the impact of attending a strict discipline school on achievement, educational attainment, and adult criminal activity. Using data from a boundary change and principal switches, we find that higher suspension rates have significant negative long-term effects. Students at such schools are 15–20 percent more likely to be arrested and incarcerated as adults. Negative impacts on educational attainment are particularly pronounced for males and students of color. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J15, K42)