州娱乐用大麻法律与刑事司法体系中的种族差异
State Recreational Cannabis Laws and Racial Disparities in the Criminal Legal System
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2026 · [{"name": "Angélica Meinhofer", "affiliation": ["Cornell University"]}, {"name": "Adrián Rubli", "affiliation": ["Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México"]}, {"name": "Jamein P. Cunningham", "affiliation": ["The University of Texas at Austin"]}]
中文摘要
我们估计了大麻合法化对刑事司法结果中长期存在的种族差异的直接效应和溢出效应。我们发现，合法化减少了白人和黑人群体因持有和销售大麻而被逮捕的情况，缩小但未消除种族差异。我们还发现，涉及大麻和其他非法毒品的住院人数出现溢出性增加。然而，合法化对涉及严重暴力或财产犯罪的逮捕、监禁和犯罪的溢出效应并不显著，甚至有所下降。其他非法毒品销售相关逮捕在各群体中均有所下降，而非法毒品相关监禁仅在白人群体中下降。对于其他轻微违法行为，白人群体的溢出效应不显著，而黑人群体的结果则好坏参半。(JEL I12, J15, K14, K41, K42)
Abstract
We estimate the direct and spillover effects of cannabis legalization on longstanding racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes. We find that legalization reduces cannabis possession and sales arrests for White and Black populations, narrowing but not eliminating disparities. We also find spillover increases in hospitalizations involving cannabis and other illegal drugs. However, spillovers on arrests, incarcerations, and crimes involving serious violent or property offenses are insignificant or even decrease. Other illegal drug sales arrests decrease across populations, while illegal drug incarcerations decrease only among White populations. Spillovers on other low-level offenses are insignificant for White but mixed for Black populations. (JEL I12, J15, K14, K41, K42)