中文摘要
本期《经济学杂志》特刊汇集了一批处于动态、空间和异质性主体结构建模前沿的论文，用于研究气候变化与气候政策。这些模型旨在与气候科学的基本原理保持一致，并可进行校准和/或应用于数据。在这方面，Eftekhari、Folini、Friedl、Kubler、Scheidegger和Schenk为本期贡献了一篇方法论论文，开发了可嵌入气候变化经济模型中的高效气候仿真器。围绕气候变化与不平等之间的联系，本期论文涵盖了气候变化及各种减缓政策（最显著的是碳税）效应中不同且往往互补的异质性维度。总体而言，这些论文表明，气候行动的分配后果关键取决于政策在何处实施、市场如何在地区和国家之间传导冲击，以及哪些家庭或地区通过收入、财富、消费篮子、生产结构或人口特征而最为暴露。
Abstract
This Special Issue of The Economic Journal brings together papers at the frontier of dynamic, spatial and heterogeneous-agent structural modelling for the study of climate change and climate policy. These models are designed to be consistent with the fundamentals of climate science and to be calibrated and/or taken to the data. In this respect, Eftekhari, Folini, Friedl, Kubler, Scheidegger and Schenk contribute a methodological paper to the Issue, developing efficient climate emulators that can be embedded within economic models of climate change. Centring on the link between climate change and inequality, the papers in the Issue span different, and often complementary, dimensions of heterogeneity in the effects of climate change and various mitigation policies, most notably carbon taxes. Taken together, they show that the distributional consequences of climate action depend crucially on where a policy is implemented, how markets transmit shocks across regions and countries, and which households or regions are most exposed through income, wealth, consumption baskets, production structures or demographic characteristics.