估计谁受益于生产率增长：城市生产率增长对工资、租金与不平等的本地和远距离效应
Estimating Who Benefits from Productivity Growth: Local and Distant Effects of City Productivity Growth on Wages, Rents, and Inequality
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2022 · [{"name": "Richard Hornbeck", "affiliation": ["University of Chicago"]}, {"name": "Enrico Moretti", "affiliation": ["University of California, Berkeley"]}]
中文摘要
我们首先估计了由城市层面制造业生产率提高引致的本地劳动需求增加，对本地工人收入和住房成本的直接效应。我们发现，即使扣除住房成本的增加，本地工人仍从生产率增长中受益。这些收益对本地受教育程度较低的工人更大，因此生产率增长降低了本地不平等。随后，我们提出并实施了一种新的透明方法，用于估计本地生产率增长对其他城市工人收入和住房成本的间接效应。我们发现，这些一般均衡效应在经济上具有重要意义，且不成比例地使受过大学教育的工人受益。
Abstract
Abstract We first estimate the direct effects on local workers’ earnings and housing costs from increases in local labor demand caused by gains in city-level manufacturing productivity. We find that local workers benefit from productivity growth, even after subtracting increases in housing costs. These gains are larger for local less educated workers, such that productivity growth reduces local inequality. We then propose and implement a new transparent method of estimating indirect effects of local productivity growth on earnings and housing costs of workers in other cities. We find that these general equilibrium effects are economically important and disproportionately benefit college-educated workers.