创新、专利化与占有性：来自美国代表性企业样本的调查证据
Innovation, Patenting and Appropriability: Survey Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Firms
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2026 · [{"name": "Filippo Mezzanotti", "affiliation": ["Kellogg's (Canada)"]}, {"name": "Timothy Simcoe", "affiliation": ["Boston University"]}]
中文摘要
摘要：本文利用 2008—2015 年期间一项具有全国代表性的大规模美国企业调查，记录了一系列关于企业如何寻求保护创新租金的典型事实。仅有 1.4% 的企业获得专利，但这些获得专利的企业占研发投资的 87%。与商业秘密、商标和版权等其他知识产权保护形式相比，企业认为实用专利的重要性较低。企业所属行业和规模与其对各类知识产权的使用高度相关，但企业年龄则不相关。本文讨论了这些发现对创新研究与政策的启示。
Abstract
Abstract We document a series of stylized facts about how firms seek to protect the rents from innovation, using a large nationally representative survey of U.S. businesses over the period 2008-2015. Just 1.4 percent of firms obtain patents, but these patenting firms account for 87 percent of R&D investment. Firms consider utility patents less important than other forms of IP protection, like trade secrets, trademarks, and copyrights. Firm industry and size are strongly correlated with firms’ use of all types of intellectual property, but firm-age is not. Implications for innovation research and policy are discussed.