市场规模对创新的异质性影响：来自法国企业层面出口的证据
The Heterogeneous Impact of Market Size on Innovation: Evidence from French Firm-Level Exports
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2022 · [{"name": "Philippe Aghion", "affiliation": ["Collège de France"]}, {"name": "Antonin Bergeaud", "affiliation": ["Banque de France"]}, {"name": "Matthieu Lequien", "affiliation": ["Banque de France"]}, {"name": "Marc J. Melitz", "affiliation": ["Harvard University"]}]
中文摘要
摘要：我们分析企业在其出口市场中面临的需求条件如何影响其创新决策。我们利用外生的企业层面出口需求冲击，发现企业通过增加专利申请做出回应；此外，这一回应由最初生产率较高的企业子集所驱动。专利回应出现在冲击发生后的二至五年，凸显了创新所需的时间。相比之下，无论企业生产率如何，需求冲击都会提高所有企业的同期销售额和就业。这种针对共同需求冲击的偏斜（偏态）创新回应，自然产生于一个包含企业异质性的内生创新与竞争模型。
Abstract
Abstract We analyze how demand conditions faced by a firm in its export markets affect its innovation decisions. We exploit exogenous firm-level export demand shocks and find that firms respond by patenting more; furthermore, this response is driven by the subset of initially more productive firms. The patent response arises two to five years after the shock, highlighting the time required to innovate. In contrast, the demand shock raises contemporaneous sales and employment for all firms regardless of their productivity. This skewed innovation response to common demand shocks arises naturally from a model of endogenous innovation and competition with firm heterogeneity.