收入对高风险婴儿的长期影响：来自补充保障收入的证据
The Long-Term Effects of Income for At-Risk Infants: Evidence from Supplemental Security Income
American Economic Review · 2025 · [{"name": "Amelia Hawkins", "affiliation": ["Brandeis University"]}, {"name": "Christopher Hollrah", "affiliation": ["Federal Trade Commission"]}, {"name": "Sarah Miller", "affiliation": ["Ross School"]}, {"name": "Laura Wherry", "affiliation": ["Wagner College"]}, {"name": "Gloria Aldana", "affiliation": ["United States Census Bureau"]}, {"name": "Mitchell D. Wong", "affiliation": ["Olive View-UCLA Medical Center"]}]
中文摘要
补充保障收入（SSI）项目使用1,200克的出生体重临界值来确定资格。利用与行政记录链接的出生证明数据，我们发现，出生体重略低于该临界值的婴儿，其所在的低收入家庭在其0–2岁期间每月能够获得更高的现金福利（相当于家庭收入的27%），且较小金额的福利可持续至其10岁。然而，我们未发现这些婴儿在婴儿期的医疗保健利用和死亡率方面有所改善，也未发现其在健康和人力资本结果上（观测期至青年成年阶段）有所改善。我们同样未发现其年长兄弟姐妹的结果有所改善。(JEL I12, I13, I18, I38, J13, J14, J31)
Abstract
The Supplemental Security Income program uses a birth weight cutoff at 1,200 grams to determine eligibility. Using birth certificates linked to administrative records, we find low-income families of infants born just below the cutoff receive higher monthly cash benefits (equal to 27 percent of family income) at ages 0–2 with smaller benefits continuing through age 10. Yet we detect no improvements in health care use and mortality in infancy, nor in health and human capital outcomes as observed through young adulthood for these infants. We also find no improvements for their older siblings. (JEL I12, I13, I18, I38, J13, J14, J31)