人力资本形成的家庭起源：来自捐赠子女的证据
On the Family Origins of Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Donor Children
Review of Economic Studies · 2024 · [{"name": "Petter Lundborg", "affiliation": ["Lund University"]}, {"name": "Erik Plug", "affiliation": ["IZA - Institute of Labor Economics", "Tinbergen Institute", "University of Amsterdam"]}, {"name": "Astrid Würtz Rasmussen", "affiliation": ["Aarhus University"]}]
中文摘要
摘要：我们提出一种新策略，用以研究剔除基因技能传递后人力资本技能的代际传递。为此，我们使用独特的丹麦数据——通过体外受精（IVF）治疗中经精子和卵子捐赠受孕的儿童——估计子女测试成绩与父母受教育年限之间的关系。由于捐赠者的分配并非选择性分配，这些父母受教育程度的估计允许作出因果性的后天养育解释。在控制基因因素后，我们发现只有母亲的教育程度起作用：父亲受教育程度与子女测试成绩（阅读和数学）之间的关联不显著且实际为零，而母亲受教育程度与子女测试成绩（阅读，而非数学）之间的关联显著且较大，其大小与我们在非捐赠子女的母亲中估计的关联相当。
Abstract
Abstract We introduce a novel strategy to study the intergenerational transmission of human capital skills, net of genetic skill transfers. For this purpose, we use unique Danish data on children conceived through sperm and egg donation in in vitro fertilization treatments to estimate the relationship between child test scores and parental years of schooling. Because the assignment of donors is not selective, these parental schooling estimates allow for a causal nurture interpretation. Once we take account of genes, we find that only the education of mothers matters: the association between father’s education and child test scores (in reading and math) is insignificant and practically zero, whereas the association between mother’s education and child test scores (in reading, not in math) is significant and large, and as large as the association we estimate for mothers of non-donor children.