赢家通吃竞争中的公平性

Review of Economics and Statistics · 2026 · [{"name": "Björn Bartling", "affiliation": ["University of Zurich", "Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Alexander W. Cappelen", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Mathias Ekström", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Erik Ø. Sørensen", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Bertil Tungodden", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}]

中文摘要

摘要：本文研究赢家通吃式竞争中产生的极端收入不平等的公平感知。两项面向美国普通民众、参与者超过 7,000 人的大规模实验表明, 极端收入不平等被广泛接受, 即使获胜者仅略微胜过亚军。与将不平等来源从运气转变为以最小可能差距获胜相比, 获胜差距对不平等接受度的影响较为有限。实验选择与更广泛的公平态度和政策偏好存在系统性关联, 包括支持对高收入者征收更高税收以及支持再分配经济政策。

Abstract

Abstract This paper investigates fairness perceptions of extreme income inequality generated in winner-take-all competitions. Two large-scale experiments with more than 7,000 participants from the general population of the U.S. show that extreme earnings inequality is widely accepted, even when the winner only slightly outperforms the runner-up. The effect of the winning margin on inequality acceptance is modest compared to the effect of shifting the source of inequality from luck to winning by the smallest possible margin. The experimental choices are systematically associated with broader fairness attitudes and policy preferences, including support for higher taxation of top earners and redistributive economic policy.