补贴性双元学徒制的直接与间接效应
Direct and Indirect Effects of Subsidized Dual Apprenticeships
Review of Economic Studies · 2024 · [{"name": "Bruno Crépon", "affiliation": ["Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology", "Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique", "Center for Responsible Travel", "ENSAE Paris"]}, {"name": "Patrick Prémand", "affiliation": ["World Bank", "Impact", "Impact Technology Development (United States)", "World Bank Group"]}]
中文摘要
学徒制市场的公共干预通常旨在增加需求或回报。我们通过对青年和企业开展双边实验，分析了一项补贴性双元学徒制项目。该干预试图通过提供工资补贴缓解青年的财务约束，并通过提供与在职培训互补的技术技能职业培训，提高学徒制的吸引力。我们发现青年参与学徒制的人数大幅增加，但学徒的流入对企业中的传统学徒几乎没有产生挤出效应。该干预提高了青年对学徒制的需求，使企业能够填补空缺的学徒岗位。补贴补偿了学徒的低工资，但并未缓解财务约束。与双元培训部分促进青年对学徒制需求增加相一致，实验开始四年后，青年从事的任务更为复杂，且收入更高。
Abstract
Abstract Public interventions in the apprenticeship market often aim to increase demand or returns. We set up a double-sided experiment with youth and firms to analyse a subsidized dual apprenticeship program. This intervention seeks to relax financial constraints for youth by offering a wage subsidy and to make apprenticeship more attractive by providing vocational training in technical skills that complements on-the-job training. We document a large increase in youth participation in apprenticeship, yet the inflow of apprentices induces little crowding out of traditional apprentices in firms. The intervention leads to an increase in youth demand for apprenticeship, enabling firms to fill open apprenticeship positions. The subsidy compensates apprentices for low wages but does not alleviate financial constraints. Consistent with the dual training component contributing to an increase in youth demand for apprenticeship, youth perform more complex tasks and have higher earnings 4 years after the start of the experiment.