塑造青少年驾驶员的习惯
Shaping the Habits of Teen Drivers
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2024 · [{"name": "Timothy Moore", "affiliation": ["Purdue University West Lafayette"]}, {"name": "Todd Morris", "affiliation": ["The University of Queensland"]}]
中文摘要
我们表明，一项有针对性的法律可以改变青少年的风险行为。我们考察了一项澳大利亚干预措施的效果，该措施禁止第一年驾龄驾驶员在深夜搭载多名同伴驾车，而此类行为此前占其交通死亡事故的五分之一。利用与事故结果相链接的个体驾驶员数据，我们发现该改革使目标碰撞事故、伤亡和死亡人数减少了一半以上。改革还产生了显著的正向溢出效应，表现为傍晚较早时段以及第一年之后的碰撞事故也有所减少，表明高风险驾驶行为出现了广泛且持续的下降。总体而言，这项有针对性的干预所带来的收益，与通过推迟青少年驾驶而实施的更严厉限制相当。(JEL D91, J13, K32, R41)
Abstract
We show that a targeted law can modify teens’ risky behavior. We examine the effects of an Australian intervention banning first-year drivers from driving late at night with multiple peers, which had accounted for one-fifth of their traffic fatalities. Using data on individual drivers linked to crash outcomes, we find the reform more than halves targeted crashes, casualties and deaths. There are large positive spillovers through lower crashes earlier in the evening and beyond the first year, suggesting broad and persistent declines in high-risk driving. Overall, the targeted intervention delivers gains comparable to harsher restrictions that delay teen driving. (JEL D91, J13, K32, R41)