American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · Natalia Emanuel、Emma Harrington
中文摘要
远程工作如何影响生产率？选择远程工作岗位的劳动者生产率又如何？我们在一家《财富》500强企业中分解了这些效应。在新冠疫情之前，远程工作者每小时接听的电话数量比现场工作者少12%。办公室关闭后，生产率差距缩小了4%，而此前在现场工作的劳动者的通话质量和晋升率出现下降。即使在所有人都远程工作的情况下，8%的生产率差距依然存在，表明进入远程工作岗位存在负向选择。成本收益分析表明，因离职率降低和办公室租金减少带来的节省，可能超过远程工作对生产率的负面影响，但不足以抵消吸引生产率较低劳动者所带来的成本。(JEL D22, J22, J24, J63, L84, M12, M54)
Abstract
How does remote work affect productivity and how productive are workers who choose remote jobs? We decompose these effects in a Fortune 500 firm. Before COVID-19, remote workers answered 12 percent fewer calls per hour than on-site workers. After offices closed, the productivity gap narrowed by 4 percent, and formerly on-site workers' call quality and promotion rates declined. Even with everyone remote, an 8 percent productivity gap persisted, indicating negative selection into remote jobs. A cost-benefit analysis indicates savings in reduced turnover and office rents could outweigh remote work's negative productivity impact but not the costs of attracting less productive workers. (JEL D22, J22, J24, J63, L84, M12, M54)