偏好、准入与集中式高中分配中的STEM性别差距
Preferences, Access, and the STEM Gender Gap in Centralized High School Assignment
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Diana Ngo", "affiliation": ["Occidental College"]}, {"name": "Andrew Dustan", "affiliation": ["William & Mary"]}]
中文摘要
高中阶段STEM领域的性别差距不断扩大，这既源于学生选择的差异，也源于进入STEM教育所面临的制度性障碍。利用墨西哥城集中式高中分配系统的丰富数据，并结合一个高中选择的结构模型，我们发现学生对精英STEM项目存在强烈需求，而对非精英STEM项目的需求相对较弱。分解与反事实模拟表明，这一差距的大部分源于性别化的选择——男性对STEM的偏好更强。基于考试的分配机制限制了女性进入精英STEM项目的机会：尽管女生在低风险考试中的成绩与男生相近，但其分配考试分数更低。（JEL I21, I24, I26, J16, J24, O15）
Abstract
The gender gap in STEM widens during high school due both to differences in student choices and institutional barriers to accessing STEM education. Using rich data from Mexico City's centralized assignment system and a structural model of high school choice, we document strong demand for elite STEM programs and relatively weak demand for non-elite STEM programs. Decomposition and counterfactual simulations demonstrate that most of the gap is due to gendered choices, with males more strongly preferring STEM. Test-based assignment restricts elite STEM access for females, who have lower placement test scores despite similar low-stakes exam scores. (JEL I21, I24, I26, J16, J24, O15)