Journal of Public Economics · 2026 · Katy Bergstrom、William Dodds、Nicholas Lacoste、Juan Rios
中文摘要
本文利用两个充分统计量，量化了人们愿意支付多少以消除妨碍其按理想小时数工作的摩擦：(1) 理想（即无摩擦）小时数与实际小时数之间的百分比差异，以及 (2) 理想小时数关于税后工资率的希克斯弹性。我们运用这一方法，构建了美国和德国消除摩擦的支付意愿估计。研究有三项核心发现：(1) 对于任何合理的希克斯理想小时数弹性取值，调整摩擦的成本（这是一个综合性度量，涵盖例如调整的固定成本、离散选择集和搜寻成本）都很大，即便在考虑多重劳动供给决策、内生工资和动态决策时也是如此；(2) 调整摩擦与税收认知偏差的累积成本更大：美国（德国）的个体平均愿意支付其收入的至少 7 %（4 %）以消除劳动时间上的这两类摩擦；(3) 调整摩擦的成本似乎远高于税收认知偏差。
Abstract
This paper quantifies how much people would be willing to pay to remove frictions that impede them from working their ideal number of hours using two sufficient statistics: (1) the percentage difference between ideal (i.e., frictionless) hours and actual hours, and (2) the Hicksian elasticity of ideal hours with respect to the after-tax wage rate. We implement this method to construct estimates of the willingness-to-pay to remove frictions in the United States and Germany. There are three core findings: (1) the cost of adjustment frictions (an omnibus measure encompassing, for example, fixed costs of adjustment, discrete choice sets, and search costs) is large for any reasonable value of the Hicksian ideal hours elasticity, even when accounting for multiple labor supply decisions, endogenous wages, and dynamic decisions; (2) the cumulative cost of adjustment frictions and tax misperceptions is even larger: individuals in the U.S. (Germany) would be willing to pay at least 7 % (4 %) of their income on average to remove these two frictions in hours worked; and (3) adjustment frictions appear to be much more costly than tax misperceptions.