魔鬼在细节中：德国最低工资对工作时长与迷你工作的异质性效应
The devil is in the details: Heterogeneous effects of the German minimum wage on working hours and minijobs
Journal of Public Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Mario Bossler", "affiliation": ["Georg Simon Ohm University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg"]}, {"name": "Liang Ying", "affiliation": ["Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz"]}, {"name": "Thorsten Schänk", "affiliation": ["Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz"]}]
中文摘要
德国于2015年引入全国最低工资。尽管既有研究发现其对整体就业的影响有限，我们深入细节，考察其对工作时长和迷你工作的影响。最低工资显著降低了小时工资与月工资的不平等。尽管平均工作时长保持稳定，迷你工作者的工作时长出现明显削减，这可由塑造最低工资效应的制度背景加以解释。正规工作的就业不受影响，但迷你工作减少，其原因是向正规工作和非就业状态的转变。后者意味着迷你工作就业的就业弹性为 -0.16。在2022年首次大幅上调最低工资后，我们发现工作时长出现减少，且这种减少并不限于迷你工作，对应的就业量弹性为 -0.38。
Abstract
Germany introduced a national minimum wage in 2015. While prior studies find limited effects on overall employment, we go into detail and examine its impact on working hours and minijobs. The minimum wage significantly reduces inequality in hourly and monthly wages. While average working hours remain stable, minijobbers experience notable cuts in working hours, which can be explained by the institutional context shaping the effects of the minimum wage. Employment in regular jobs remains unaffected, but minijobs decline, driven by transitions into both regular jobs and non-employment. The latter implies an employment elasticity of − 0.16 for minijob employment. Following the first major minimum wage increase in 2022, we reveal a reduction in working hours that is not limited to minijobs, corresponding to an employment volume elasticity of − 0.38 .