空气污染的医疗成本：来自世界最大支付网络的证据
The Health Care Cost of Air Pollution: Evidence from the World’s Largest Payment Network
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2024 · [{"name": "Panle Jia Barwick", "affiliation": ["University of Wisconsin–Madison"]}, {"name": "Shanjun Li", "affiliation": ["Cornell University", "Stanford University"]}, {"name": "D. C. Rao", "affiliation": ["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "University of Hong Kong"]}, {"name": "Nahim Bin Zahur", "affiliation": ["Queen's University"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 本文利用 2013–2015 年中国信用卡和借记卡交易的全量数据，首次对发展中国家 PM2.5 的医疗成本进行全国性分析。我们利用 PM2.5 远距离传输所产生的空间溢出效应，为本地污染生成外生变异，并采用灵活的分布滞后模型，以半参数方式刻画污染暴露的动态响应。我们发现，PM2.5 在短期和中期均对医疗支出产生显著影响。PM2.5 每下降 10 μg/m3，将使年度医疗支出减少超过 92 亿美元，约占中国年度医疗支出的 1.5%。
Abstract
Abstract This paper exploits the universe of credit- and debit-card transactions in China during 2013–2015 and provides the first nationwide analysis of the health care cost of PM2.5 for a developing country. We leverage spatial spillovers of PM2.5 from long-range transport to generate exogenous variation in local pollution, and we employ a flexible distributed lag model to capture semiparametrically the dynamic response of pollution exposure. We find significant impacts of PM2.5 on health care spending in both the short and medium terms. A 10 μg/m3 decrease in PM2.5 would reduce annual health care spending by over $9.2 billion, about 1.5% of China’s annual health care expenditure.