东京回合中的贸易与美国不平等
Trade and U.S. Inequality in the Tokyo Round
Review of Economics and Statistics · 2026 · [{"name": "Andrew Greenland", "affiliation": ["North Carolina State University", "North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University"]}, {"name": "James Lake", "affiliation": ["The King's University"]}, {"name": "John Lopresti", "affiliation": ["William & Mary"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 在不平等急剧上升的背景下, GATT东京回合使美国平均关税降低了1.6个百分点, 降幅大于CUSFTA、NAFTA以及向中国授予永久正常贸易关系(PNTR)所伴随的贸易自由化。我们基于支配东京回合关税自由化的所谓"瑞士公式"构造了一个新的工具变量(IV), 以提供其对进口与不平等影响的证据。经工具变量识别的关税降低解释了1979年至1988年间非生产工人与生产工人之间收入不平等上升的约20%。这一效应在女性、从事常规性职业的工人以及技术密集度更高行业的工人中最大, 表明贸易自由化与技能偏向型技术变革之间存在互补性。
Abstract
Abstract Against a backdrop of sharply rising inequality, the Tokyo Round of the GATT resulted in a 1.6 percentage point reduction in average US tariffs – larger than CUSFTA, NAFTA, and the liberalization accompanying the granting of PNTR to China. We construct a novel IV based on the so-called “Swiss formula” that governed the Tokyo Round tariff liberalization to provide evidence of its effects on imports and inequality. Instrumented tariff reductions explain approximately 20% of the rise in income inequality between non-production and production workers between 1979 and 1988. This effect is largest among women, workers in routine occupations, and workers in more technology-intensive industries, suggesting a complementarity between trade liberalization and skill-biased technological change.