中文摘要
发展中国家测得的农业生产率差距（APG）通常将农业与整个非农经济相比较，隐含地将后者视为同质的。在发展中国家，大多数非农就业是非正规的，集中于生产率低下的小型未注册企业。本文比较了印度农业与非正规、正规非农部门的生产率。我们使用印度KLEMS数据库中的印度部门数据，结合具有全国代表性的劳动力调查，将非农经济分解为正规与非正规两部分，并针对工作时数、人力资本以及劳动在增加值中的份额差异对生产率指标进行调整。我们发现，APG几乎完全由规模较小的正规非农部门所驱动。与非正规部门之间的差距可以忽略不计。63%至75%的非农劳动者处于以非正规就业为主的行业，这些行业的生产率并不高于农业。这些结果将APG重新界定为一种正规—非正规之分。
Abstract
The measured agricultural productivity gap (APG) in developing countries typically compares agriculture with the entire non-farm economy, implicitly treating the latter as homogeneous. In developing countries, most non-farm employment is informal, concentrated in small, unregistered enterprises with low productivity. This paper compares the productivity of agriculture to the informal and formal non-farm sectors in India. Using Indian sectoral data from the India KLEMS database linked with nationally representative labor surveys, we decompose the non-farm economy into formal and informal segments and adjust productivity measures for differences in hours worked, human capital, and labor's share of value-added. We find that the APG is almost entirely driven by the small formal non-farm sector. The gap with the informal sector is negligible. Between 63 and 75 % of non-farm workers are in informal employment dominated industries that are not more productive than agriculture. These results reframe the APG as a formal–informal divide.