走出阴影的生活：正规化项目对被迫移民生活的影响

Journal of the European Economic Association · 2024 · [{"name": "Ana Ibáñez", "affiliation": ["Inter-American Development Bank"]}, {"name": "Andrés Moyá", "affiliation": ["Universidad de Los Andes"]}, {"name": "María Adelaida Ortega", "affiliation": ["University of California, Davis"]}, {"name": "Sandra Rozo", "affiliation": ["World Bank Group"]}, {"name": "Maria José Urbina", "affiliation": ["World Bank Group"]}]

中文摘要

我们考察了哥伦比亚向50万名委内瑞拉被迫移民提供的一项正规化项目对其福祉的影响。我们收集了2000多名此类移民的数据，比较了在界定项目资格的日期之前与之后抵达哥伦比亚的移民的福祉状况。由于该日期是事后公布的，且此前公众并不知情，我们得以可信地评估该项目的影响。我们发现，项目受益者的福祉出现了大幅改善，包括人均消费（增加48%）、月劳动收入（增加22%）以及健康状况（提高1.2个标准差）。这些积极结果主要源于服务可及性的改善，尤其体现在社会保护体系、补贴型医疗保健体系和金融服务方面。我们还发现，哥伦比亚政府为正规化移民家庭所承担的财政成本，低于为非正规移民家庭所承担的财政成本。

Abstract

Abstract We examine the well-being effects of a regularization program offered to half a million Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia. We collected data on more than 2000 such migrants and compared the well-being of those who arrived in Colombia before and after the date that defined program eligibility. Since this date was announced ex-post and was unknown to the public, we could credibly evaluate the program’s impact. We find that program beneficiaries experienced large improvements in well-being, including consumption per capita (a gain of 48%), monthly labor income (an increase of 22%), and health status (an increment of 1.2 standard deviations). These positive outcomes largely stemmed from improved access to services, particularly the social protection system, subsidized healthcare system, and financial services. We also find that the fiscal costs incurred by the Colombian government for a regularized migrant household are lower than those for an irregular migrant household.