中文摘要
汉密尔顿1791年关于制造业的国情咨文是一份具有前瞻性的论证，主张通过旨在鼓励工业化的公共政策来支持美国的工业化。1790年前后的传统观点，以及基于比较优势的静态考量，均表明美国应当坚持务农，出口其农业剩余产品，并进口欧洲制成品。然而，主要欧洲帝国的重商主义贸易政策构成了美国出口的障碍。因此，汉密尔顿主张，采用最新机器技术的美国制造业将通过为农业剩余产品创造国内需求，缓解欧洲贸易限制的影响。他的报告具体列出了值得支持的行业，以及鼓励这些行业发展的政策措施。在此后的一个世纪里，美国各级政府采纳了汉密尔顿几乎所有的建议。这些措施促成了该世纪工业产出年均5%的增长率，帮助美国成为世界领先的制造业国家。
Abstract
Hamilton’s 1791 state paper on manufactures is a forward-looking argument for US industrialization supported by public policies designed to encourage it. Conventional wisdom circa 1790, along with static considerations of comparative advantage indicated that the United States should stick to farming, export its agricultural surpluses, and import European manufactures. Mercantilist trade policies of the major European empires, however, were barriers to US exports. Hamilton therefore contended that US manufacturing using the latest machine technologies would alleviate the effects of European trade restrictions by creating domestic demand for agricultural surpluses. His report specifies industries worthy of support, and policy measures to encourage their development. During the century that followed, US governments adopted nearly all of Hamilton’s recommendations. These measures contributed to an average annual rate of growth of industrial output of 5 percent during that century, helping the United States to become the world’s leading manufacturing nation.