中文摘要
The development of a unified national market must be linked to the goal of advancing common prosperity. A unified national eco-environmental market is an integral component of the unified national market, and fostering and developing such a market requires the continued advancement of market-based emission rights trading. After reviewing the evolution of the river-basin emission rights trading system, this paper constructs a two-region, multi-sector general equilibrium model and, based on parameter calibration and estimation for the Xin'an River Basin, investigates the specific effects, underlying mechanisms, and adjustment pathways of river-basin emission rights trading across provincial-level administrative regions with respect to multidimensional common prosperity objectives, including economic output, social welfare, and environmental quality. The results show that: (1) emission rights trading among firms within a river basin can achieve common prosperity in terms of aggregate levels and disparities in output and welfare, but widens the gap in environmental quality between upstream and downstream regions. (2) The output mechanism helps achieve common prosperity in terms of both aggregate levels and disparities; the pollution transfer mechanism is the primary cause of the widening environmental quality gap; and the relative price mechanism ensures the continuation of trading while promoting reform of the river-basin emission rights trading system based on a policy mix. (3) Matching ecological compensation from downstream regions to upstream regions or controlling the scale of emission rights trading among firms helps narrow the upstream–downstream gap in environmental quality, thereby balancing the multidimensional common prosperity objectives of all parties. This paper offers policy implications for deepening reform of the emission rights trading system, fostering and developing a unified national eco-environmental market, and innovating green development pathways toward common prosperity.
Abstract
推进全国统一大市场建设需要与推进共同富裕的目标联系起来，全国统一生态环境市场是全国统一大市场的有机组成部分，培育发展全国统一生态环境市场要求持续推进排污权市场化交易。本文在梳理流域排污权交易制度演变的基础之上，构建了两区域、多部门的一般均衡模型，基于新安江流域的参数校准和估计，研究了跨省级行政区的流域排污权交易对经济产出、社会福利和环境质量等多维共同富裕目标的具体影响、内在机制与调节路径。研究表明：（1）流域内企业排污权交易能够实现总量意义上的共同富裕以及产出和福利差距意义上的共同富裕，但扩大了环境质量的上下游地区差距。（2）产出作用机制有助于同时实现总量和差距意义上的共同富裕，污染转移机制是环境质量差距扩大的最主要原因，相对价格机制在保证交易得以继续的同时推动基于政策组合的流域排污权交易制度改革。（3）匹配上游地区对下游地区的生态补偿或控制企业排污权交易规模，有利于缩小环境质量的上下游地区差距，进而平衡各方的多维共同富裕目标。本文对于深化排污权交易制度改革、培育发展全国统一生态环境市场和创新共同富裕的绿色发展路径具有一定的政策启示。