移民对地域与人的影响——识别与解释
The Effects of Immigration on Places and People – Identification and Interpretation
Journal of Labor Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Christian Dustmann", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Sebastian Otten", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Uta Schönberg", "affiliation": []}, {"name": "Jan Stuhler", "affiliation": []}]
中文摘要
大多数关于移民对劳动力市场影响的研究使用重复横截面数据来估计移民对地区的影响。本文表明，这些地区效应是多种效应的复合体：这些效应关涉移民争论中的根本问题，却无法用重复横截面数据加以识别。我们提出了一个统一的实证框架，将移民的地区效应分解为其潜在的组成部分，并说明如何利用追踪工人随时间变化的数据来识别这些组成部分。我们的实证应用表明，这类分析能够就移民对工资、就业和职业升级的影响，给出远为丰富的信息图景。
Abstract
Most studies on the labor market effects of immigration use repeated cross-sectional data to estimate the effects of immigration on regions. This paper shows that such regional effects are composites of effects that address fundamental questions in the immigration debate but remain unidentified with repeated cross-sectional data. We provide a unifying empirical framework that decomposes the regional effects of immigration into their underlying components and show how these are identifiable from data that track workers over time. Our empirical application illustrates that such analysis yields a far more informative picture of immigration's effects on wages, employment, and occupational upgrading.