进口竞争与中国性别就业差距
Import Competition and the Gender Employment Gap in China
Journal of Human Resources · 2022 · [{"name": "Feicheng Wang", "affiliation": ["University of Göttingen"]}, {"name": "Krisztina Kis‐Katos", "affiliation": ["Center for Strategic and International Studies"]}, {"name": "Minghai Zhou", "affiliation": ["Minjiang University"]}]
中文摘要
本文结合1990年至2005年中国人口普查与企业普查数据，将地级市层面分性别的就业情况与关税削减暴露程度的区域化度量联系起来。研究发现，进口竞争的加剧使更多女性留在劳动力队伍中，从长期看缩小了原本将不断扩大的性别就业差距。这一动态既存在于地方经济整体层面，也存在于正规工业部门的私营企业中。贸易引致的竞争压力所产生的性别就业效应，可归因于女性密集型行业的扩张、性别歧视的减少，以及通过计算机化实现的技术升级。
Abstract
Combining data from China’s population and firm censuses between 1990 and 2005, this paper relates prefecture-level employment by gender to the regionalized measure of exposure to tariff reductions. We find that increasing import competition kept more females in the workforce, reducing an otherwise growing gender employment gap in the long run. These dynamics were present both in local economies as a whole and among private firms in the formal industrial sector. The gendered employment effects of trade-induced competitive pressures can be attributed to an expansion of female-intensive industries, a reduction in gender discrimination, and technology upgrades through computerization.