孕期及出生后前12个月日照强度对儿童肥胖的影响
The Effects of Sun Intensity during Pregnancy and in the First 12 Months of Life on Childhood Obesity
Journal of Human Resources · 2022 · [{"name": "Christian Dustmann", "affiliation": ["International Organization for Migration", "University College London"]}, {"name": "Malte Sandner", "affiliation": ["Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung"]}, {"name": "Uta Schönberg", "affiliation": ["Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung"]}]
中文摘要
肥胖不仅会导致治疗肥胖相关疾病的巨额医疗成本，还与较低的就业前景和收入相关。本研究表明，日照诱导的维生素D可能对儿童肥胖具有预防作用。本文利用超过60万名儿童的人口数据，考察了从孕期到婴儿期的日照强度与六岁时肥胖之间的关系。研究结果显示，日照强度对后续肥胖的影响集中在出生后前六个月：在此期间每增加100小时日照，可使超重减少1.1%，重度肥胖减少6.2%。我们为这一模式提供了两种主要解释。第一，婴儿的维生素D水平在出生后前六个月对日照尤其敏感，而这一时期也正是哺乳水平最高的阶段。第二，出生后前六个月是影响后续肥胖的敏感期，因为这是婴儿体重快速增长、脂肪组织发育的关键时期。
Abstract
Obesity not only leads to immense medical costs associated with treating obesityrelated illness but is also associated with lower employment prospects and earnings. This study shows that sunshine-induced vitamin D may have a preventive effect on obesity for children. It investigates the relation between sun intensity from pregnancy until infancy on obesity at age six, using population data of more than 600,000 children. Our findings show that the effects of sun intensity on subsequent obesity are concentrated in the first six months of life: 100 hours of additional sunshine over this period reduce overweight by 1.1 percent and severe obesity by 6.2 percent. We offer two main explanations for this pattern. First, infants' vitamin D levels are particularly sensitive to sunshine in the first six months of life, when lactation is highest. Second, the first six months of life are a sensitive period for later obesity, as this is the period when infants rapidly gain weight and adipose tissue develops.