中文摘要
我们研究哥伦比亚纳税人对个人财富税的行为反应。我们利用1993年至2016年的税收微观数据，并将其与泄露的“巴拿马文件”相关联，以考察向该国主要避税地转移资产（离岸转移）的行为。我们利用纳税义务的离散跃升，以及财富税制度四次重大改革（包括税率和征收期限的变化）所产生的变异，采用聚束分析和双重差分方法进行研究。我们发现了令人信服的证据，表明纳税人会立即减少其申报的财富，以应对财富税。此外，即使财富税不再征收，这些效应仍可能持续多年，为临时性税收政策的滞后效应提供了首个证据。这一反应源于对税务机关无法交叉核验的项目进行不实申报，例如夸大债务以及少报非第三方报告的企业资产。此外，最富有的纳税人通过将资产隐藏在避税地内难以追踪的实体中，来应对财富税的提高。
Abstract
Abstract We study behavioural responses to personal wealth taxes in Colombia. We utilise tax microdata from 1993 to 2016 linked with the leaked Panama Papers to investigate offshoring to the country’s key tax havens. We leverage variation from discrete jumps in tax liability and four major reforms to the wealth tax system, including changes in tax rates and duration, using bunching and difference-in-difference techniques. We find compelling evidence that taxpayers instantly reduce the wealth they declare in response to a wealth tax. Moreover, these effects can persist for years even after the wealth tax is no longer in place, providing the first evidence of a hysteresis effect for a temporary tax policy. The response is driven by misreporting items that authorities cannot cross-verify, such as overstating debt and understating non-third-party-reported business assets. Additionally, the wealthiest taxpayers respond to wealth tax increases by hiding assets in hard-to-track entities in tax havens.