家庭政策能否降低性别不平等？来自60年政策实验的证据
Do Family Policies Reduce Gender Inequality? Evidence from 60 Years of Policy Experimentation
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2024 · [{"name": "Henrik Kleven", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research", "Princeton University"]}, {"name": "Camille Landais", "affiliation": ["London School of Economics and Political Science"]}, {"name": "Johanna Posch", "affiliation": ["Bank of Italy", "Center for Economic and Policy Research", "Analysis Group (United States)", "National Bank of Belgium"]}, {"name": "Andreas Steinhauer", "affiliation": ["University of Edinburgh"]}, {"name": "Josef Zweimüller", "affiliation": ["Bank of Italy", "Center for Economic and Policy Research", "University of Zurich", "National Bank of Belgium"]}]
中文摘要
家庭政策能否降低劳动力市场中的性别不平等？我们利用覆盖奥地利劳动者半个多世纪的行政数据，通过考察育儿假与儿童照护的联合影响，为这一争论做出贡献。我们首先以准实验方式识别了自20世纪50年代以来所有家庭政策改革对男性和女性收入完整动态的因果效应。随后，我们将这些因果估计映射到一个分解框架中，计算反事实的性别不平等序列。结果表明，育儿假和儿童照护的巨大扩张对性别趋同几乎没有影响。(JEL D63, J13, J16, J31, J32)
Abstract
Do family policies reduce gender inequality in the labor market? We contribute to this debate by investigating the joint impact of parental leave and childcare, using administrative data covering Austrian workers over more than half a century. We start by quasi-experimentally identifying the causal effects of all family policy reforms since the 1950s on the full dynamics of male and female earnings. We then map these causal estimates into a decomposition framework to compute counterfactual gender inequality series. Our results show that the enormous expansions of parental leave and childcare have had virtually no impact on gender convergence. (JEL D63, J13, J16, J31, J32)