被激活的历史：土耳其围攻维也纳的案例
Activated History: The Case of the Turkish Sieges of Vienna
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Christian Ochsner", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education – Economics Institute", "Czech Academy of Sciences", "Charles University"]}, {"name": "Felix Roesel", "affiliation": ["Technische Universität Braunschweig"]}]
中文摘要
我们表明，储存在集体记忆中并由政治运动激活的历史能够制造仇外心理与激进化。土耳其军队曾在1529年和1683年围攻维也纳，并洗劫了奥地利的个别村庄，在此过程中杀害并绑架当地居民。遭袭地点对这些事件记忆犹新，但直到2000年代中期极右翼民粹主义者开始针对土耳其人和穆斯林发起政治运动之前，从未表现出对穆斯林的厌恶。我们发现，在民粹主义运动发起后，先前遭袭地点的反穆斯林情绪和极右翼投票激增，土耳其社区则相应减少。政治运动中的历史叙事能够动员信念与行动。（JEL D72, D83, J15, N43, Z12, Z13）
Abstract
We show that history stored in collective memories and activated by political campaigns can create xenophobia and radicalization. Turkish troops besieged Vienna in 1529 and 1683 and pillaged individual Austrian villages, killing and kidnapping in the process. Attacked places remember those events well but never expressed aversion to Muslims until far-right populists started to campaign against Turks and Muslims in the mid-2000s. We find anti-Muslim sentiments and far-right voting surge in previously attacked places after the populist campaigns were launched, and Turkish communities decrease in response. Historical narratives in political campaigns can mobilize both beliefs and actions. (JEL D72, D83, J15, N43, Z12, Z13)