大迁徙与教育机会
The Great Migration and Educational Opportunity
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · 2024 · [{"name": "Cavit Baran", "affiliation": ["Sabancı Üniversitesi"]}, {"name": "Eric Chyn", "affiliation": ["The University of Texas at Austin"]}, {"name": "Bryan A. Stuart", "affiliation": ["Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia"]}]
中文摘要
本文研究第一次大迁徙对儿童的影响。我们使用1940年美国人口普查完整计数数据，估计经选择性偏误校正后黑人移民子女教育所受的地点效应。平均而言，黑人儿童从南方迁往北方后，受教育年限平均增加0.8年（12%）。在20世纪40年代对儿童产生最强正向影响的许多县，如今为黑人青年提供的机会却相对较差。在教育投资更多、黑人成年人劳动力市场机会更强、社会资本更丰富、犯罪更少的地方，黑人儿童拥有更大的机会。(JEL H75, I26, J13, J15, J24, N32, N92)
Abstract
This paper studies the impact of the First Great Migration on children. We use the complete-count 1940 census to estimate selection-corrected place effects on education for children of Black migrants. On average, Black children gained 0.8 years of schooling (12 percent) by moving from the South to the North. Many counties that had the strongest positive impacts on children during the 1940s offer relatively poor opportunities for Black youth today. Opportunities for Black children were greater in places with more schooling investment, stronger labor market opportunities for Black adults, more social capital, and less crime. (JEL H75, I26, J13, J15, J24, N32, N92)