残酷且非常的惩罚
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Journal of Human Resources · 2026 · [{"name": "Anita Mukherjee", "affiliation": ["University of Wisconsin–Madison"]}, {"name": "Nicholas J. Sanders", "affiliation": ["Cornell University"]}]
中文摘要
美国南部监狱的温度经常超过危险的热指数水平，且缺乏温度调控。我们利用一套独特的日度面板数据——覆盖遍布密西西比州（该州监狱系统没有空调）各地惩教设施的囚犯事件——表明炎热天气使囚犯严重暴力行为的发生率与发生概率均提高约 20%。高温的影响似乎既不具累积性，也不是暴力在时间上前移或后延（时间替代）的结果。这些结果有助于厘清极端温度下监禁所涉的宪法关切，并记录了气候变迁可能不断上升的一项社会成本。
Abstract
<h3>Abstract</h3> Prison temperatures in the southern United States frequently exceed dangerous heat index levels and lack temperature controls. Using a unique daily panel of prisoner incidents from correctional facilities spread across the state of Mississippi, a system without air conditioning, we show that hot days increase both the rates and probabilities of severe violent acts by prisoners by approximately 20%. The effects of heat appear neither cumulative nor the result of temporal displacement. These results help inform constitutional concerns of incarceration in extreme temperatures, and document a potentially growing social cost of shifting climate.