按年龄、性别与出生队列划分的收入、婚姻与家庭收入方差
Earnings, Marriage, and the Variance of Family Income by Age, Gender, and Cohort
Journal of Labor Economics · 2025 · [{"name": "Joseph G. Altonji", "affiliation": ["National Bureau of Economic Research"]}, {"name": "Daniel Giraldo-Páez", "affiliation": ["Yale University"]}, {"name": "Disa Hynsjö", "affiliation": ["Yale University"]}, {"name": "Ivan Vidangos", "affiliation": ["Federal Reserve Board of Governors"]}]
中文摘要
针对1935–44年、1945–62年和1964–74年出生队列，我们估计了教育；工资率、就业和工时的永久性异质性；劳动力市场冲击；配偶特征和冲击；非劳动收入冲击；以及婚姻史，对按成人等价单位计算的家庭收入方差之年龄剖面的贡献。教育和就业异质性是方差随年龄增长和跨队列上升的关键来源。工资异质性在所有年龄段都很重要。自身特征和冲击对男性的影响大于女性，而配偶特征和冲击对女性的影响大于男性。性别差异在各出生队列间已经下降。
Abstract
For birth cohorts 1935–44, 1945–62, and 1964–74, we estimate the contribution of education; permanent heterogeneity in wage rates, employment, and hours; labor market shocks; spouse characteristics and shocks; nonlabor income shocks; and marital histories to the age profiles of the variance of family income per adult equivalent. Education and employment heterogeneity are key sources of the rise in variance with age and across cohorts. Wage heterogeneity is important at all ages. Own characteristics and shocks matter more for men than women, while spouse characteristics and shocks matter more for women. Gender differences have declined across cohorts.