自由流动、开放边界与劳动力流动的全球收益
Free Movement, Open Borders, and the Global Gains from Labor Mobility
Annual Review of Economics · 2019 · [{"name": "Christian Dustmann", "affiliation": ["University College London"]}, {"name": "Ian Preston", "affiliation": ["University College London"]}]
中文摘要
直截了当的经济学论证指出，劳动力从生产率较低的地区流向生产率较高的地区，可能带来巨大的全球产出收益。然而，接收国的政治似乎对此持抵制态度，其特点是设法限制移民、甚至彻底阻止移民。本文审视了关于通过自由流动可实现巨大福利收益这一主张的基础，在多种模型下考察移民自由化对世界福利的影响，不仅关注总体收益，也关注收益如何分配，并回顾了对相关收益进行量化的已有尝试。最后，我们探讨经济因素之外的考量在多大程度上驱动了限制移民的强烈意愿。
Abstract
Straightforward economic arguments point to the potential for large global output gains from the movement of labor from less to more productive locations. Yet the politics of receiving countries seems resistant, characterized rather by efforts to limit migration or to stop it altogether. In this article we examine the foundations of claims of large welfare gains through free mobility, studying implications of liberalizing migration for world welfare under a variety of models, paying attention not only to overall gains but also to how gains are distributed and reviewing attempts to quantify the benefits. We conclude by asking how far considerations beyond economics motivate keenness to impose restrictions on migration.