回声室及其对经济与政治结果的影响
Echo Chambers and Their Effects on Economic and Political Outcomes
Annual Review of Economics · 2019 · [{"name": "Gilat Levy", "affiliation": ["London School of Economics and Political Science"]}, {"name": "Ronny Razin", "affiliation": ["London School of Economics and Political Science"]}]
中文摘要
在本文综述中，我们梳理了关于回声室的经济学文献。我们认为，回声室源于两种现象的结合：(a) 个体选择与志同道合者聚集隔离，即「室」的形成；(b) 个体在这些「室」中交流信念时，因行为偏差而引发两极分化，即「回声」。我们分别总结了关于这两种现象的文献，并提出如何将两类文献结合起来，以深入理解回声室对经济与政治结果的影响。最后，我们提出了未来研究的方向，并讨论了缓解回声室问题的政策干预措施。
Abstract
In this review, we survey the economics literature on echo chambers. We identify echo chambers as arising from a combination of two phenomena: ( a) the choice of individuals to segregate with like-minded ones, i.e., the creation of chambers, and ( b) behavioral biases that induce polarization when individuals exchange beliefs in these chambers, i.e., the echo. We summarize the literatures on these two phenomena and suggest how to combine the two literatures to gain insights about the effects of echo chambers on economic and political outcomes. We end by suggesting pathways for future research and discussing policy interventions to alleviate echo chambers.