温和减少处方用药：低排放区与儿童从出生到入学的健康

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · 2021 · [{"name": "Hannah Klauber", "affiliation": ["Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change"]}, {"name": "Felix Holub", "affiliation": ["Goethe University Frankfurt", "Goethe-Institute United Kingdom"]}, {"name": "Nicolas Koch", "affiliation": ["Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change"]}, {"name": "Nico Pestel", "affiliation": ["Maastricht University"]}, {"name": "Nolan Ritter", "affiliation": ["Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change"]}, {"name": "Alexander Rohlf", "affiliation": ["Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change"]}]

中文摘要

我们利用涵盖德国三分之一儿童的公共医疗保险行政记录，考察生命早期暴露于空气污染对儿童从出生到入学期间健康的影响的持续性。在识别策略上，我们利用低排放区政策实施所带来的空气质量改善加以识别；该政策对高排放车辆施加了行驶限制。结果表明，出生前后接触更清洁空气的儿童在至少五年内所需药物更少。最初潜在的健康反应仅通过用药量的逐渐下降才逐步显现，致使一些重要但细微的健康收益未能被常见的婴儿健康指标检测到。

Abstract

We examine the persistence of the impact of early-life exposure to air pollution on children's health from birth to school enrollment using administrative public health insurance records covering one third of all children in Germany. For identification, we exploit air quality improvements caused by the implementation of Low Emission Zones, a policy imposing driving restrictions on high-emission vehicles. Our results indicate that children exposed to cleaner air around birth require less medication for at least five years. The initially latent health response materializes only gradually in lower medication usage, leaving important but subtle health benefits undetected in common measures of infant health.